01 - Combine flour and salt in a large bowl. Cut in cold butter until mixture resembles coarse crumbs. Add egg and enough cold water to form a soft dough. Shape into a disk, wrap in plastic, and refrigerate for 30 minutes.
02 - Preheat oven to 375°F. Roll out chilled dough on a floured surface to fit a 9-inch tart or pie pan. Press dough into pan, trim excess edges, and prick base with a fork. Chill until ready to fill.
03 - Melt butter in a large skillet over medium heat. Add diced bacon and cook until just crisp. Remove bacon and set aside. Add sliced onions to the pan and cook gently, stirring frequently, for 15-20 minutes until golden and very soft. Stir in caraway seeds, salt, pepper, and nutmeg. Remove from heat and mix in cooked bacon.
04 - Whisk together heavy cream, whole milk, eggs, and grated cheese in a bowl until smooth and fully combined.
05 - Spread caramelized onion mixture evenly over the prepared pastry crust. Pour the custard mixture over the onions, ensuring even distribution.
06 - Bake for 40-45 minutes until the filling is set and lightly golden on top. The center should not jiggle when gently shaken.
07 - Allow the pie to cool for 10 minutes before slicing. Serve warm or at room temperature with a green salad or sauerkraut.